KNNRegressor

class hana_ml.algorithms.pal.neighbors.KNNRegressor(n_neighbors=None, thread_ratio=None, stat_info=None, aggregate_type=None, metric=None, minkowski_power=None, category_weights=None, algorithm=None, resampling_method=None, evaluation_metric=None, fold_num=None, repeat_times=None, search_strategy=None, random_search_times=None, random_state=None, timeout=None, progress_indicator_id=None, param_values=None, param_range=None, min_resource_rate=None, reduction_rate=None, aggressive_elimination=None)

K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is a memory-based classification or regression method with no explicit training phase. It assumes similar instances should have similar labels or values.

Parameters:
n_neighborsint, optional

Number of nearest neighbors (k).

Default to 1.

thread_ratiofloat, optional

Specifies the ratio of total number of threads that can be used by this function.

The range of this parameter is from 0 to 1, where 0 means only using 1 thread, and 1 means using at most all the currently available threads.

Values outside this range are ignored and this function heuristically determines the number of threads to use.

Default to 0.0.

aggregate_type{'average', 'distance-weighted'}, optional

Aggregate type.

Default to 'distance-weighted'.

stat_infobool, optional

Indicates if statistic information will be stored into the STATISTIC table.

Only valid when model evaluation/parameter selection is not activated.

Default to True.

metric{'manhattan', 'euclidean', 'minkowski', 'chebyshev'}, optional

Ways to compute the distance between data points.

Defaults to 'euclidean'.

minkowski_powerfloat, optional

When Minkowski is used for metric, this parameter controls the value of power.

Only valid when metric is set as 'minkowski'.

Defaults to 3.0.

category_weightsfloat, optional

Represents the weight of category attributes.

Default to 0.707.

algorithm{'brute-force', 'kd-tree'}, optional

Algorithm used to compute the nearest neighbors.

Defaults to 'brute-force'.

factor_numint, optional

The factorisation dimensionality.

Default to 4.

random_stateint, optional

Specifies the seed for random number generator.

  • 0: Uses the current time as the seed.

  • Others: Uses the specified value as the seed.

Default to 0.

resampling_methodstr, optional

Specifies the resampling method for model evaluation or parameter selection:

  • 'cv'

  • 'cv_sha'

  • 'cv_hyperband'

  • 'bootstrap'

  • 'bootstrap_sha'

  • 'bootstrap_hyperband'

If not specified, neither model evaluation nor parameters selection is activated.

No default value.

Note

Resampling methods that end with 'sha' or 'hyperband' are used for parameter selection only, not for model evaluation.

evaluation_metric{'rmse'}, optional

Specifies the evaluation metric for model evaluation or parameter selection.

If not specified, neither model evaluation nor parameter selection is activated.

No default value.

fold_numint, optional

Specifies the fold number for the cross validation method.

Mandatory and valid only when resampling_method is set to 'cv', 'cv_sha' or 'cv_hyperband'.

No default value.

repeat_timesint, optional

Specifies the number of repeat times for resampling.

Default to 1.

search_strategy{'random', 'grid'}, optional

The search strategy for parameters.

Mandatory if resampling_method is specified and ends with 'sha'.

Defaults to 'random' and cannot be changed if resampling_method is specified and ends with 'hyperband'; otherwise no default value, and parameter selection cannot be carried out if not specified.

random_search_timesint, optional

Specifies the number of times to randomly select candidate parameters for selection.

Mandatory and valid when search_strategy is set to 'random'.

No default value.

timeoutint, optional

Specifies maximum running time for model evaluation or parameter selection, in seconds.

No timeout when 0 is specified.

Default to 0.

progress_indicator_idstr, optional

Sets an ID of progress indicator for model evaluation or parameter selection.

No progress indicator is active if no value is provided.

No default value.

param_valuesListOfTuples, optional

Specifies values of parameters to be selected.

Input should be a dict, or a list of size-two tuples, with key/1st element being the target parameter name, and value/2nd element being the a list of valued for selection.

Valid only when parameter selection is activated.

Valid Parameter names include: 'metric', 'minkowski_power', 'category_weights',

'n_neighbors', 'aggregate_type'.

No default value.

param_rangeListOfTuples, optional

Specifies ranges of parameters to be selected.

Input should be a dict, or a list of size-two tuples, with key/1st element being the name of the target parameter, and value/2nd element being a list that specifies the range of parameters with [start, step, end] or [start, end].

Valid only when parameter selection is activated.

Valid parameter names include: 'minkowski_power', 'category_weights', 'n_neighbors'.

No default value.

min_resource_ratefloat, optional

Specifies the minimum resource rate that should be used in SHA or Hyperband iteration.

Valid only when resampling_method takes one of the following values: 'cv_sha', 'bootstrap_sha', 'cv_hyperband', 'bootstrap_hyperband'.

Defaults to 0.0.

reduction_ratefloat, optional

Specifies reduction rate in SHA or Hyperband method.

For each round, the available parameter candidate size will be divided by value of this parameter. Thus valid value for this parameter must be greater than 1.0

Valid only when resampling_method is set to one of the following values: 'cv_sha', 'bootstrap_sha', 'cv_hyperband', 'bootstrap_hyperband'.

Defaults to 3.0.

aggressive_eliminationbool, optional

Specifies whether to apply aggressive elimination while using SHA method.

Aggressive elimination happens when the data size and parameters size to be searched does not match and there are still bunch of parameters to be searched while data size reaches its upper limits. If aggressive elimination is applied, lower bound of limit of data size will be used multiple times first to reduce number of parameters.

Valid only when resampling_method is set to 'cv_sha' or 'bootstrap_sha'.

Defaults to False.

Examples

Input dataframe for regression training:

>>> df_regr_train.collect()
    ID  X1      X2 X3 VALUE
0   0   2     1.0  A      1
1   1   3    10.0  A     10
2   2   3    10.0  B     10
3   3   3    10.0  C      1
4   4   1  1000.0  C      1
5   5   1  1000.0  A     10
6   6   1  1000.0  B     99
7   7   1   999.0  A     99
8   8   1   999.0  B     10
9   9   1  1000.0  C     10

Creating KNNRegressor instance:

>>> knn  = KNNRegressor(thread_ratio=1, algorithm='kd_tree',
                        n_neighbors=3, aggregate_type='average')

Performing fit() on given dataframe:

>>> knn.fit(data=df_regr_train, key='ID', categorical_variable='X1', label='VALUE')

Performing predict() on given predicting dataframe:

Input prediction dataframe:

>>> df_class_predict.collect()
   ID  X1       X2 X3
0   0   2      1.0  A
1   1   1     10.0  C
2   2   1     11.0  B
3   3   3  15000.0  C
4   4   2   1000.0  C
5   5   1   1001.0  A
6   6   1    999.0  A
7   7   3    999.0  B

>>> res, stats = knn.predict(data=df_class_predict, key='ID', categorical_variable='X1')

>>> res.collect()
    ID              TARGET
0   0                   7
1   1                   7
2   2                   7
3   3  36.666666666666664
4   4  36.666666666666664
5   5  36.666666666666664
6   6  39.666666666666664
7   7   69.33333333333333

>>> stats.collect().head(10)
    TEST_ID  K  TRAIN_ID      DISTANCE
0         0  1         0      0.000000
1         0  2         1      9.999849
2         0  3         2     10.414000
3         1  1         3      0.999849
4         1  2         1      1.414000
5         1  3         2      1.414000
6         2  1         2      1.999849
7         2  2         1      2.414000
8         2  3         3      2.414000
9         3  1         4  14000.999849
Attributes:
_training_setDataFrame

Input training data with structured column arrangement. If model evaluation or parameter selection is not enabled, the first column must be the ID column, following by feature columns.

Methods

create_model_state([model, function, ...])

Create PAL model state.

delete_model_state([state])

Delete PAL model state.

fit(data[, key, features, label, ...])

Build the KNNRegrssor training dataset with the input dataframe.

predict(data[, key, features, interpret, ...])

Prediction for the input data with the training dataset.

set_model_state(state)

Set the model state by state information.
fit(data, key=None, features=None, label=None, categorical_variable=None, string_variable=None, variable_weight=None)

Build the KNNRegrssor training dataset with the input dataframe. Assign key, features, and label column.

Parameters:
dataDataFrame

Data to be fit.

keystr, optional

Name of the ID column.

Required if parameter selection/model evaluation is not activated, unless data is indexed by a single column(the column name will be the default value of key).

If key is not provided when activating parameter-selection/model-evaluation, then:

  • if data is indexed by a single column, then key defaults to that index column;

  • otherwise, it is assumed that data contains no ID column.

featuresstr/ListOfStrings, optional

Name of the feature columns.

labelstr, optional

Specifies the dependent variable.

Default to last column name.

categorical_variablestr or list of str, optional

Indicates whether or not a column data is actually corresponding to a category variable even the data type of this column is INTEGER.

By default, VARCHAR or NVARCHAR is category variable, and INTEGER or DOUBLE is continuous variable.

Defaults to None.

string_variablestr or list of str, optional

Indicates a string column storing not categorical data.

Levenshtein distance is used to calculate similarity between two strings.

Ignored if it is not a string column.

Defaults to None.

variable_weightdict, optional

Specifies the weight of a variable participating in distance calculation.

The value must be greater or equal to 0. Defaults to 1 for variables not specified.

Defaults to None.

Returns:
KNNRegressor

A fitted object.

predict(data, key=None, features=None, interpret=False, sample_size=None, top_k_attributions=None, random_state=None)

Prediction for the input data with the training dataset. Training data set must be constructed through the fit function first.

Parameters:
dataDataFrame

Prediction data.

keystr, optional

Name of the ID column.

Mandatory if data is not indexed, or the index of data contains multiple columns.

Defaults to the single index column of data if not provided.

featuresstr/ListOfStrings, optional

Name of the feature columns.

interpretint, optional

Specifies whether or not to interpret the prediction results.

Defaults to False(i.e. not to interpret the prediction results).

sample_sizeint, optional

Specifies the number of sampled combinations of features.

  • 0 : Heuristically determined by algorithm

  • Others : The specified sample size

Defaults to 0.

top_k_attributionsint, optional

Specifies the number of features with highest attributions to output.

Defaults to 10.

random_stateint, optional

Specifies the seed for random number generator when sampling the combination of features.

  • 0 : User current time as seed

  • Others : The actual seed

Defaults to 0.

Returns:
DataFrame

KNN predict results. Structured as following:

  • ID: Prediction data ID.

  • TARGET: Predicted value.

  • REASON_CODE: interpretation of of result. This column is available only if interpret is True.

KNN prediction statistics information. Structured as following:

  • TEST_ + ID column name of prediction data: Prediction data ID.

  • K: K number.

  • TRAIN_ + ID column name of training data: Train data ID.

  • DISTANCE: Distance.

create_model_state(model=None, function=None, pal_funcname='PAL_KNN', state_description=None, force=False)

Create PAL model state.

Parameters:
modelDataFrame, optional

Specify the model for AFL state.

Defaults to self.model_.

functionstr, optional

Specify the function in the unified API.

A placeholder parameter, not effective for KNN.

pal_funcnameint or str, optional

PAL function name.

Defaults to 'PAL_KNN'.

state_descriptionstr, optional

Description of the state as model container.

Defaults to None.

forcebool, optional

If True it will delete the existing state.

Defaults to False.

delete_model_state(state=None)

Delete PAL model state.

Parameters:
stateDataFrame, optional

Specified the state.

Defaults to self.state.

property fit_hdbprocedure

Returns the generated hdbprocedure for fit.

property predict_hdbprocedure

Returns the generated hdbprocedure for predict.

set_model_state(state)

Set the model state by state information.

Parameters:
state: DataFrame or dict

If state is DataFrame, it has the following structure:

  • NAME: VARCHAR(100), it mush have STATE_ID, HINT, HOST and PORT.

  • VALUE: VARCHAR(1000), the values according to NAME.

If state is dict, the key must have STATE_ID, HINT, HOST and PORT.

Inherited Methods from PALBase

Besides those methods mentioned above, the KNNRegressor class also inherits methods from PALBase class, please refer to PAL Base for more details.