RFC in SAP
Systems
In all SAP systems, CALL FUNCTION represents an integral part of the ABAP language. This statement executes a function (a function module) in the same system.
REMOTE FUNCTION CALL (RFC) is an extension of CALL FUNCTION in a distributed environment. Existing function modules can be executed using an RFC from a remote system. This is done by adding a DESTINATION clause to the CALL FUNCTION statement:
The destination parameter displays an entry in the RFCDES table (which is defined with transaction SM59). This entry contains all necessary parameters to connect to and log in the destination system.
You can use RFC between two SAP systems.
By using the RFC Library (RFC API), you can also use the functions of the RFC between an SAP system and a C program on different platforms. It is of no significance to the caller whether the remote function is provided in an SAP System or in a C program.
RFC frees the ABAP programmer from having to program his own communications routines. When you make an RFC call, the RFC interface takes care of:
· Converting all parameter data to the representation needed in the remote system. This includes character string conversions, and any hardware-dependent conversions needed (for example, integer, floating point). All ABAP data types are supported.
· Calling the communication routines needed to talk to the remote system.
· Handling communications errors, and notifying the caller, if desired. (The caller requests notification using the EXCEPTIONS parameter of the CALL FUNCTION statement.)
The RFC interface is effectively invisible to the ABAP programmer. Processing for calling remote programs is built into the CALL FUNCTION statement. Processing for being called is generated automatically (in the form of an RFC stub) for every function module registered as remote. This stub serves as an interface between the calling program and the function module.
A distinction is made between an RFC client and RFC server. RFC client is the instance that calls up the Remote Function Call to execute the function that is provided by an RFC server. In the following, the functions that can be executed remotely will be called RFC functions and the functions provided via RFC API will be called RFC calls.
All RFC functions available in a remote RFC server system, which are called by an RFC client, are processed transactionally. This means that after execution of the first RFC function in the RFC server system the complete context (all globally defined variables in the RFC server program or in the main program of a function module) is available for further RFC functions. The RFC connection is closed only
· when the context of the calling ABAP program has ended or
· explicitly by RfcAbort or RfcClose in the external program.
You can either assign an application server directly, or assign it through a message server, as part of a load distribution. This applies to RFCs between two SAP systems and to RFCs between an SAP system and an external system.
To make the execution of RFC functions reliable, safe and independent from the availability of the RFC server or RFC server system, the transactional RFC (tRFC) is available for SAP systems. This ensures that the called function module is executed only once in the RFC server system.
In transactional RFC calls, the data that belongs to an RFC function must first be stored temporarily on the SAP database in the RFC client system. When processing is completed, this must be reported back to the calling ABAP program. Everything else is handled by the tRFC component in the SAP system.
Since a database is not always available on external systems, the link to the tRFC interfaces is implemented such that the client or server programs based on RFC API must take on some administrative functions to ensure that the respective function module is executed only once.
In an SAP system, other SAP systems
can be defined as trusted systems. Trusted systems can access the called
system (the trusting system) without having to provide a password.
For more information, see Trusted
System.