Reference Characteristics 
Characteristics that determine the version, period and year for selecting transaction data in drilldown reporting , which are used:
to drill down the consolidation groups into consolidation units
to determine the custom attributes of the consolidation units. (In contrast to the standard attributes, the custom attributes of a consolidation unit are not version and date dependent.)
SAP Consolidation uses the following reference characteristics:
Reference characteristics are used in drilldown reporting as the basis for drilling into the consolidation units of a consolidation group.
Furthermore, they are used for determining the attributes of consolidation units. But this only applies to attributes that are version and date-dependent.
Reference Version
The reference version determines which version is used for drilling into the consolidation units of a consolidation group. If a consolidation version is specified in addition to the reference version, the consolidation version determines the version that is used for reading transaction data.
If no reference version is specified, then the characteristic consolidation version is used for hierarchy drilling and attribute determinations. In this case, the consolidation version must be unambiguously specified for each cell (or row or column) of the report. Moreover, the consolidation version always determines the version of the transaction data to be selected.
Reference Period
The reference period determines the period for which the consolidation group hierarchy and the attributes are read. The consolidation group hierarchy and attributes are the basis for interpreting the transaction data. The period determines the period of the transaction data to be read. If no reference period is specified, then the characteristic period is used for hierarchy drilling and attribute determinations.
Reference Fiscal Year
The reference fiscal year determines the fiscal year for which the consolidation group hierarchy and the attributes are read. The consolidation group hierarchy and attributes are the basis for interpreting the transaction data. The fiscal year determines the fiscal year of the transaction data to be read. If the reference fiscal year is not specified, the characteristic fiscal year is used for hierarchy drilldowns and attribute determination.
See the examples that follow in units Reference Version , Reference Fiscal Year , and Reference Period :
Version-based Restatement using Reporting
Temporal Restatement in Reporting: Yearly Comparison
Temporal Restatement in Reporting: Period Comparison