System Failure (SAP NetWeaver AS) 
When thinking about fault-tolerance, you can look at failure in the following ways:
This section discusses failure of the SAP system services in detail:
How to detect failure
The effects of failure
How to recover from failure
The database, enqueue, and message services in a standard SAP system cannot be made redundant by configuring multiple instances of them on different host machines: this means that they are potential single points of failure (SPOFs). The remaining services (that is, dialog, update, background, gateway, and spool) can all be configured redundantly (in other words, on multiple host machines) to provide improved availability.
In a high availability SAP system, you can protect vulnerable services, such as the enqueue, message, and database services by using, for example, cluster environments with switchover solutions. For more information, see:
Note
In addition, there are other potential SPOF in an SAP installation. You need to carefully analyze your system to identify all SPOFs.
Finally, see Failure Recovery for more information on how SAP systems recover following failure:
Automatic recovery of SAP processes
Logon load balancing (prevents users logging on to a dialog host that has failed)