Prerequisites

A sales order item passes through a number of stages that lead to different results in results analysis.

In the standard system there are three relevant system statuses:

In Customizing for Product Cost by Sales Order under  Period-End Closing Results Analysis Define Valuation Methods for Results Analysis , you specify which status allows the following activities:

The indicator Status control in Customizing in the results analysis version allows you to control whether the status is automatically derived from the document flow in SD. You can also change the status of the sales order item manually or automatically.

Process Flow

The system sets the status REL automatically when a sales order item is created.

When a sales order item receives the status REL you can assign actual costs and actual revenues to it. From this point onwards, results analysis can valuate the sales order item on the basis of the actual revenue, the actual costs, or the confirmed quantity.

The standard system uses the valuation basis greater of planned/actual costs, planned revenue . This means that the planned costs are taken as the basis for results analysis until the actual costs exceed the planned costs. From this point onwards, the actual costs replace the planned costs as the basis for results analysis. The costs are compared to the planned revenue to calculate a profit/loss percentage rate.

There are a number of different situations:

If you have not yet delivered to the customer, you calculate the work in process in the Product Cost by Order or Product Cost by Period component. The finished products are valuated at the time of the goods receipt. Results analysis does not calculate any results analysis data.

You have delivered goods to the customer but have not yet invoiced. You can use results analysis to calculate the value of such goods. You can settle the costs that are relevant to the balance sheet accounts to Financial Accounting (FI) and Profit Center Accounting (EC-PCA). This settlement capitalizes in your balance sheet the goods that have been delivered but not yet invoiced.

You have delivered a partial quantity of finished goods to the customer. The invoices do not necessarily agree with the actual costs incurred to date. In results analysis, you can calculate the cost of sales that was expected on the basis of the delivered quantity. You can include this amount in profitability analysis.

You can create reserves for unrealized costs when the calculated costs are greater than the actual costs. For example, you can include the costs for internal activities that have not yet been confirmed.

Results analysis derives the status FNBL automatically from the document flow in SD. In this case the sales order item only has this status if results analysis has been performed after final billing for the sales order item. You can also change the status FNBL manually or with report program SAPKKA12. In this case the status is shown directly for the sales order item. Once you set the status FNBL manually or with report program SAPKKA12, no more invoices can be entered for the sales order item in question.

When a sales order item has the status FNBL, this means that no more revenue is expected for that sales order item. Only debit memos and credit memos can be entered. For this reason you can normally cancel all capitalized inventories.

In Customizing in the valuation method, you can specify for example that the status FNBL has the following effects:

You must always specify the status at which inventories and reserves are canceled. Depending on the valuation method, you can also specify a status at which just the inventories are canceled.

The standard system uses the valuation basis greater of planned costs/actual costs, actual revenue for this stage. Results analysis then uses the actual revenue as the basis instead of the planned revenue. The costs are compared with the actual revenue to calculate a profit/loss percentage rate.

Once a sales order item receives the status TECO, it is no longer possible to change the planned values. Reserves and inventories are canceled. You must set this status for the sales order item manually.

The standard system uses the valuation basis actual costs, actual revenue for this stage. The planning data is ignored and the order result is the actual revenue minus the actual costs.

Once you set the status Closed for a sales order item, the item is no longer included in the period-end closing transactions. You set this status regularly for the sales order items that you no longer want to include in results analysis, for example. This improves the performance of the system. Use report program SAPKKA12.