In Release 3.0, the export functionality has been enhanced. It now supports the main elements of foreign trade processing.
Functions have been developed in the following areas:
Please refer to the separate Release Note for this.
Almost every country attempts to control its own foreign trade, whether to control the drain of natural resources and raw materials for reasons of national security, or as a result of agreements between countries.
The restrictions to which foreign trade transactions are subject can depend on:
Any combination of these features is also possible.
Export control is dependent on the following three influencing factors
Its task is to determine, whether the goods can be exported, whether licenses are required to do this, and if so, whether these exist. The control elements necessary for this are set in Customizing:
Both the material master and the customer master have been extended so that you can store the relevant data for export control. The different export blocking indicators in the customer master are particularly important. They can be used to show that the customer appears on an official blocking list (for example, TDO, SDN, DHRP).
The data in the licenses which are available to the company is stored in an independent database which includes the following data:
Checks in the sales order
On the basis of the requested delivery date, the following checks are carried out for each order item:
The outcome of the export control carried out by the system for each item is stored by order item in the following new segments:
USER-EXITS can be used for implementing checks other than the checks described above.
When export control has been completed for an order item, the item is either blocked or released. Certain subsequent functions must not be performed if the item is blocked. The blocking operation is implemented by the setting of different statuses.
Checks in the delivery
The delivery can only be created if the order item has been assigned the status 'Release' by export control. However, it is necessary to run export control again when you create the delivery, since the export control situation could have changed in the meantime as often the time lapse between the order entry and the delivery is considerable.
If item blocking does not occur until the delivery, picking or goods issue can be prohibited for the delivery item.
Subsequent editing of orders and deliveries
If orders or deliveries are changed, the export list numbers and the groupings from the document and material master for the individual items are automatically compared. If these do not match, export control is run again for these items, since a new classification of the material has apparently taken place in the meantime. This can result in a different license situation.
Certain export licences have a maximum value which should be considered as the upper limit up to which the license can be used. Thus, several orders or deliveries can be processed by one license. In this case, the cumulative value of the order needs to be recorded. Every time you create an order, you must consequently check whether the remaining open value of the license is sufficient to cover the value of the order. If this is not the case, another license must be used.
The following functions are available in Reporting:
The following declarations to the authorities are supported by the SAP R/3 System:
These declarations can be issued on paper or on diskette as required.
Returns are classified as such in the selection program and can be processed with the respective country-specific programs.
Cancelled documents are also recognized by the selection program.
You create the declarations using the menu path Logistics -> Sales/distribution -> Foreign Trade.
Intrastat
The Intrastat declaration is now available for the following countries:
Extrastat
This declaration is new for Release 3.0. Business transactions outside of the EU are reported to the responsible authority using the declaration. Declarations can currently be made to the German Federal Office of Statistics.
KOBRA
This declaration is used for sensitive goods. It is only relevant for Germany.
SED
The Shipper's Export Declaration is the equivalent of the European EXTRASTAT declaration. It is mandatory for all exports in the U.S.A. It is issued on paper.
AERP
The Automated Export Reporting Procedure is an alternative to the SED (paper copy). The exports can be declared on a monthly basis in the form of diskettes sent to the authorities of the respective state.
HMF
A surcharge is paid to the respective authorities for all export business. You can request a summary of these surcharges from the system.
Customs tariff preferences are an important means of promoting export. These preferences are based on agreements made between different country groups. The importer of goods to which the agreement applies pays no or reduced import duties. For these financial benefits to apply, the exporter must guarantee preferential treatment for the goods.
In the case of trading goods, the entitlement to preferential treatment is controlled by the existence of a vendor declaration. For finished goods, the entitlement to preferential treatment must be determined. The rules for this are often complicated. The origin of the component parts and the extent to which they have been processed are the main influencing factors.
The basis for entitlement to preferential treatment within the SAP System is the bill of material for identifying the components used. You need to assign a tariff classification to all relevant materials, that is, you need to assign the commodity code.
Basically, there are two procedures for preference determination:
The following master data has been enhanced to include preference costing:
The following new fields have been included:
You can set the following data for the preference situation in Customizing:
The individual bills of material, the purchasing info records, the vendor master records and the rules and percentage rates stored in the system are the basis of preference determination.
There are two procedures for preference determination:
The following values are calculated for every preference area:
For every component, the following checks are carried out:
The outcome of preference determination is the minimum sales price which must be achieved so that the relevant order/billing item is classifed as being entitled to preferential treatment. With the outcome of preference determination:
This condition can be entered in the pricing procedure and the net sales price and the preference price compared.
Please refer to the section trade" in the Implementation Guide for further details on foreign trade processing.
If you want to maintain the master data for foreign trade, flag the field "Foreign trade " for the material and customer master on the screen for "General Data".
In the material master, you must now in addition choose the following menu path on the foreign trade screen Extras -> Sales details -> Export license.
You can access the following functions with the menu path Logistics -> Sales/distribution -> Foreign trade :