Ranges Table and Structures
When mapping a query operation, you can map range parameters in the data source to entity set properties, in order to support filters.
A ranges table describes an ABAP structure that must to be constructed from the following four components:
SIGN (sign; I=include, E=exclude)
OPTION (comparison operator; for example, EQ=equal)
LOW (lower limit)
HIGH (upper limit)
Also a structure with prefixes, such as: matnr_sign, matnr_option, matnr_low, matnr_high is recognized as a range structure.
Not all the OData runtime filter options are supported.
For information about the supported filter options, see SAP Note number 1671893 
.
In addition, you can set your filter at design time in the Service Builder as constant value.
For example Sign='I' ; Option='CP' ; Low='L*'
All the table's or structure's parameters are greyed out, and their settings are only available in the Map Range Table dialog.
In some cases, the table's parameters are available, but the structure is not recognized because one of the above listed fields is missing, for example, Sign is missing, but the others are available; Option, Low and High.
After setting the range table, Service Builder checks all the range fields, and fields marked as constants are set as the constant value, Constant.
Setting Ranges Table Parameters
Ranges tables contain additional parameters, typically ones that specify for which parameter the range is valid.
If a range table is not automatically recognized, or if you want to set a particular table structure as a range table, proceed as follows:
From the Data source view, select the range table node by choosing the arrow at the left of the table structure name.
Click Set/Unset Range Table. Alternatively, drag the table header of a range (the range table is dragged), and drop it into the same row as the property you want to map in the Mapping table, the Map Range Table dialog displays.
If Service Builder identifies the table as range, it provides semantics proposal.
The range displays as a set of brackets on a green button in the Mapping table, and when you select the button, it opens the Map Range Table dialog.
You can map a single property to the range. The mapping direction for ranges is always of type, input. The semantic specifies how the field is handled and defines its role in the range expression.
Mandatory semantics are HIGH, LOW, SIGN, and OPTION according to the ranges table semantics.
For ranges tables, you can also set the semantic Parameter to specify the ranges table attribute that will be filled with the name of the BAPI or RFC parameter for which the range is valid.
In some cases, populating the range table attribute with semantics is not correct, therefore you can specify constant values.
The semantic is subject to the following checks in the Service Builder:
Two or more parameters cannot have the same semantic, for example, two different parameters cannot both have the SIGN semantic.
By default, no semantic is specified.
When no semantic value is specified, you must specify a constant value.
NotePlace constant values in apostrophes, for example, 'Label'.
You cannot set both the Semantics and Constant Value fields, at the same time.
if the range is already mapped, and you can unset the related range table in the data source view.
If a table is mapped as an output table, and you set it as range, an error displays.
If you try to set a regular structure other than a range structure, or simple field as a range, an error displays.
Structures of type range can be set as range.
If you try to set as range an output table, an error is displayed.
Checks for semantics occur when you click Check
If Low and High are defined in the range, a type match is performed between the mapped property and the data source parameter defined as Low or High.
If constants are used in the range, a check is performed for type and length.
For each range mapping, you must set at least one field as semantic.
An output table cannot be set as range.