RAP BDL - Feature Tables

The following sections shows all available language elements of the RAP BDL and their release dates. For further information on the release dates, see ABAP Release News and ABAP Release Mapping.

RAP Behavior Definitions
BDEF Extensions

BDL

RAP Behavior Definitions

RAP Behavior Definition Header

The following tables list the keywords that can be used in BDEFs of type managed, unmanaged, and projection. If the release dates differ per implementation type, the release dates are given per implementation type.

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`managed`	Defines a managed RAP BO.	7.77	7.54	1905	1905
`unmanaged`	Defines an unmanaged RAP BO.	7.73	7.53	1805	1805
`managed by BOPF`	Defines a BOPF-based RAP BO.	-	7.58	-	-
`projection`	Defines a projection RAP BO.	7.77	7.54	1905	1905
`implementation in class [unique]`	Class for manual method implementation.	7.77	7.54	1905	1905
`strict`	Enables BDEF strict mode.	7.84	7.56	2105	2105
`strict(2)`	Enables BDEF strict mode, version 2.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`auxiliary class`	Specifies one or more ABP auxiliary classes that allow the outsourcing of functionality from an ABAP behavior pool.	9.12	8.16	2408	2408
`extensible`	RAP extensibility enablement for managed and unmanaged RAP BOs and for projection BDEFs.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`with validations on save with determinations on save with determinations on modify with additional save (extensible)`	RAP extensibility enablement. Caution: Currently only available for managed RAP BOs.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`with managed instance filter`	Optional addition for projection BDEFs and interface BDEFs. If specified, the `WHERE` condition of the underlying CDS transactional query or CDS transactional interface is evaluated when the BDEF is accessed with ABAP EML or OData requests from Web clients.	7.93	7.58	2308	2308
`with draft`	Enables RAP draft handling.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`with BOPF draft`	Enables draft handling in a BOPF-based RAP BO.	-	7.58	-	-
`use draft`	Reuse of RAP draft handling in a CDS projection BDEF.	7.77	7.54	1909	1909
`use side effects`	Reuse of RAP side effects in a CDS projection BDEF.	7.91	7.58	2302	2302
`with privileged mode`	Enables BDEF privileged mode.	7.83. Obsolete as of 7.89	7.56 Obsolete as of 7.57	2102. Obsolete as of 2208.	2102. Obsolete as of 2208.
`with privileged mode disabling`	Enables BDEF privileged mode for managed and unmanaged RAP BOs.	7.89	7.56	2208	2208
`with privileged mode disabling base context [and]`	Enables BDEF privileged mode in projection BDEFs.	7.86	7.57	2111	2111
`foreign entity`	Defines an entity which is not part of the BO structure as component for the response structures, thus enabling message mapping for other BOs.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77 Service Projection: 7.77	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.53 Managed RAP BO: 7.54 Projection BDEF: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908 Projection: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908 Projection: 1908

Entity Behavior Definition

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`define behavior for...alias`	Defines an entity behavior definition.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77 Service Projection: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54 Projection: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908 Projection: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908 Projection: 1908

Authorization Context Definition

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`define authorization context ... [for disable {modify\|read\|modify,read}]`	Defines an authorization context that lists authorization objects that can be skipped when the respective authorization context is activated.	7.85	7.56	2108	2108
`save:early`, `save:late`, authorization context for disable	The options `save:early` and `save:late` can be specified after `define authorization context ContextName for disable` to skip authorization objects during certain RAP saver methods.	7.91	7.58	2302	2302
`define own authorization context`	Defines an own authorization context that documents authorization objects used in the implementation of the RAP BO in question.	7.86	7.57	2111	2111
`define own authorization context by privileged mode [and]{...}`	Defines an own authorization context	7.89	7.56	2208	2208

Entity Behavior Characteristics

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`persistent table`	Defines a persistent database table in a managed RAP BO.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`draft table`	Defines the draft database table used to store draft data.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`query`	Defines a draft query view for a draft database table.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`with additional save`	User-defined saving strategy for managed RAP BOs.	7.78	7.55	1911	1911
`with unmanaged save`	User-defined saving strategy for managed RAP BOs.	7.78	7.55	1911	1911
`and cleanup`	User-defined saving strategy for managed RAP BOs.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`with full data`	User-defined saving strategy for managed RAP BOs.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`etag master`, `etag dependent`, `total etag`	Defines an ETag field for optimistic concurrency control.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77 Service Projection: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54 Projection:7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908 Projection: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908 Projection: 1908
`use etag`	Reuse of ETag fields for optimistic concurrency control in a CDS projection BDEF.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`lock master`	Defines pessimistic concurrency control in managed or unmanaged RAP BOs.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.53 Managed RAP BO: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908
`unmanaged (lock master)`	Implementation exit for pessimistic concurrency control in managed RAP BOs.	7.80	7.55	2005	2005
`lock dependent`	Defines pessimistic concurrency control in managed or unmanaged RAP BOs.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.53 Managed RAP BO: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908
`lock:none`	RAP BO operation addition that prevents the locking mechanism for a certain RAP BO entity.	7.82	7.56	2011	2011
`authorization master( global )`	Defines global RAP authorization control for managed and unmanaged RAP BOs.	7.82	7.56	2011	2011
`authorization master ( instance )`	Defines instance RAP authorization control for managed and unmanaged RAP BOs.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`authorization dependent`	RAP authorization control for managed and unmanaged RAP BOs.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`authorization ( global ) \| ( instance ) \| ( global, instance )`	Defines RAP authorization control for projection BDEFs.	7.84	7.56	2105	2105
`authorization:update`	RAP BO operation addition to delegate RAP authorization control.	7.85	7.56	2108	2108
`authorization:none`	RAP BO operation addition to exclude a RAP BO operation from RAP authorization control.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`authorization:global`	RAP BO operation addition that replaces the RAP authorization control that is specified in the authorization master entity and applies global authorization checks instead.	7.92	7.58	2305	2308
`authorization:instance`	RAP BO operation addition that replaces the RAP authorization control that is specified in the authorization master entity and applies instance authorization checks instead.	7.92	7.58	2305	2308
`early numbering`	Defines unmanaged early numbering for all primary key fields of a business object entity.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`late numbering`	Enables gapless assignment for unique keys when creating new entity instances in managed and unmanaged RAP BOs.	Unmanaged RAP BO without draft: 7.73 Unmanaged RAP BO with draft and Managed RAP BO: 7.86	Unmanaged RAP BO without draft: 7.53 Unmanaged RAP BO with draft and Managed RAP BO: 7.57	Unmanaged RAP BO without draft: 1805 Unmanaged RAP BO with draft and Managed RAP BO: 2111	Unmanaged RAP BO without draft: 1805 Unmanaged RAP BO with draft and Managed RAP BO: 2111

Entity Behavior Body

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`field(readonly)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.76 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.54 Managed RAP BO: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1905 Managed: 1908	Unmanaged: 1905 Managed: 1908
`field(mandatory)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.76 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.54 Managed RAP BO: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1905 Managed: 1908	Unmanaged: 1905 Managed: 1908
`field (features:instance)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`field (mandatory:create)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`field (readonly:update)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`field (numbering:managed)`	Defines managed internal numbering for a field in a managed RAP BO.	7.79	7.55	2002	2002
`field (suppress)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	Managed RAP BO: 7.88 Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.87 Service Projection: 7.84	Managed: 7.57 Unmanaged: 7.57 Projection: 7.56	Managed: 2205 Unmanaged: 2202 Projection: 2105	Managed: 2205 Unmanaged: 2202 Projection: 2105
`field (notrigger:warn)`	Defines a RAP field characteristic.	7.90	7.58	2211	2211
`field (modify)`	Augmentation of a CDS virtual element in a CDS projection BDEF.	7.82	7.56	2011	2011
`group`	Splits the implementation-relevant parts of a business object's logic into multiple groups to allow simultaneous work.	7.78	7.55	1911	1911
`create`, `update`, `delete`	Enables CRUD operations for a managed or unmanaged RAP business object.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`use`	Reuse of RAP BO operations in a CDS projection BDEF.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`association ... abbreviation ... [without response]`	Enables read-by-association and create-by-association operations for associations.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`action ... [external]`	Defines a RAP action.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`static (action)`	Defines a static RAP action.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`repeatable (action or function)`	Defines a RAP repeatable operation.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`factory (action)`	Defines a RAP factory action.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.76 Managed RAP BO: 7.86	Unmanaged: 7.54 Managed: 7.57	Unmanaged RAP BO: 1905 Managed RAP BO: 2111	Unmanaged RAP BO: 1905 Managed RAP BO: 2111
`default`	Defines a default static factory action.	7.90	7.58	2211	2211
`save(finalize \| adjustnumbers \| finalize, adjustnumbers) (action)`	Defines a RAP save action.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`function ... [external]`	Defines a RAP function.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`determine action`	Defines a determine action that allows a RAP BO consumer to execute determinations and validations on request.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`always (determine action)`	Ignores the trigger condition of a determine action.	7.82	7.56	2011	2011
`draft action Edit \| draft action Activate \| draft action Discard \| draft action Resume [with additional implementation] \| draft determine action Prepare`	Defines a draft action in a draft-enabled scenario.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`draft action AdditionalSave`	RAP BO draft action that allows users to define a custom saving strategy for draft instances.	7.93	7.58	2308	2308
`with additional implementation`	Implementation exit for draft actions that allows a user-defined implementation of the draft action in question.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`optimized`	Recommended addition to the draft action `Activate` that speeds up the activation of draft instances.	7.93	7.58	2308	2308
`parameter ... [$self]`	Defines an input parameter for an action or function.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`deep [table] (parameter)`	Defines a deep input parameter or a deep table input parameter for an action or function.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`result[cardinality] { $self \| entity }`	Defines an output parameter for an action or function.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`selective (result)`	Syntax addition for an output parameter for an action or function.	7.79	7.55	2002	2002
`selective (deep result)`	Syntax addition for a deep output parameter for an action or function.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`mapping for ... [control ... ] [corresponding] [except]`	Maps field names from database tables to field names from the current data model.	7.78	7.55	1911	1911
`validation ... on save { ... }`	Defines a validation which is called during the save sequence.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908
`determination ... on save { ... } \| on modify { ... }`	Defines a determination which is called during the save sequence or immediately after data has been changed.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908	Unmanaged: 1808 Managed: 1908
`features: global`	RAP BO operation addition that defines global feature control for a RAP BO operation.	7.82	7.56	2011	2011
`features: instance`	RAP BO operation addition that defines instance feature control for a RAP BO operation.	7.77	7.54	1908	1908
`internal`	Defines a RAP BO operation as internal.	Unmanaged RAP BO: 7.73 Managed RAP BO: 7.77	Unmanaged: 7.53 Managed: 7.54	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905	Unmanaged: 1805 Managed: 1905
`precheck`	Prevents illegal changes from reaching the application buffer by prechecking modify operations.	7.81	7.55	2008	2008
`default function`	Defines a RAP default values function for a RAP BO operation that defaults values for fields or input parameters on the user interface.	7.94	8.16	2311	2402
`key ... function ...`	Defines a RAP key function for a BDEF alternative key.	7.96	8.16	2405	2408
`augment`	Augments modify requests on the projection layer in a CDS projection BDEF.	7.82	7.56	2011	2011
`event ... [[deep] parameter]`	Defines a RAP business event in a managed or unmanaged RAP BO.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`managed event ... on ... parameter`	Defines a RAP derived event in a managed or unmanaged RAP BO.	7.93	7.58	2308	2308
`side effects { ... [executed on ... ] affects ...; }`	Defines a RAP side effect in a managed, unmanaged, or projection BDEF.	7.91	7.58	2302	2302
`define secondary key` \| `define pure key`	Defines an alternative key in a managed or unmanaged RAP behavior definition.	9.12	8.16	2408	2408

Interface Behavior Definitions

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`interface`	Defines a RAP BO interface.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`extensible`	Declares a RAP BO interface as extensible.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`with managed instance filter`	Optional addition for projection BDEFs and interface BDEFs. If specified, the `WHERE` condition of the underlying CDS transactional query or CDS transactional interface is evaluated when the BDEF is accessed with ABAP EML or OData requests from Web clients.	7.93	7.58	2308	2308
`define behavior for ... alias ... external`.	Entity behavior definition of an interface BDEF.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`use draft`	Reuses the draft-handling from the base BO.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`use side effects`	Reuse of RAP side effects from the base BO.	7.91	7.58	2302	2302
`use event`	Reuses a RAP business event from the base BO.	7.93	7.58	2308	2308
`use etag`.	Reuses the ETag from the base BO.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`with privileged mode`.	BDEF privileged mode.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`foreign entity`.	Defines a RAP foreign entity for message mapping.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`field(readonly)`	RAP field characteristic.	7.90	7.58	2211	2211
`field(mandatory:create)`	RAP field characteristic.	7.90	7.58	2211	2211
`field(readonly:update)`	RAP field characteristic.	7.90	7.58	2211	2211
`field(suppress)`	RAP field characteristic.	7.90	7.58	2211	2211

Abstract Behavior Definitions

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`abstract`	Defines an abstract BDEF.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`with hierarchy`	Causes the construction of a new kind of BDEF derived type. Only available in abstract BDEFs.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`with hierarchy like entity`	Ensures that the BDEF derived type is equivalent to the structure type of the underlying CDS abstract entity, thereby ensuring compatibility.	9.12	8.16	2408	2408
`with control`	Optional addition of the `define behavior` statement that is only available in abstract BDEFs. Adds the `%control` structure to the corresponding derived type structure.	7.85	7.56	2108	2108
`scalar entity`	Alternative to an entity behavior definition that is only available in abstract BDEFs. Integrates a node of the CDS composition tree into the hierarchical derived type of the abstract BDEF as a scalar type.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`association ... [with hierarchy]`	In an abstract BDEF, an association can be defined with the optional addition `with hierarchy`. This addition is available for to-parent associations and cross-BO associations to include them multiple times in the type structure.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`deep mapping for ... [corresponding] [sub]`	Defines a deep mapping in an abstract BDEF.	7.83	7.56	2102	2102
`mandatory:execute` as field attribute	Field attribute that declares a field of an abstract BDEF as mandatory.	7.88	7.57	2205	2205
`mandatory:execute` for associations	Attribute that can be used for associations in abstract BDEFs to declare an association of an abstract BDEF as mandatory.	7.94	7.58	2311	2402

BDEF Extensions

Keywords and Additions

This list displays special language elements for BDEF extensions. You can also use statements from CDS behavior definitions.

Language Element	Meaning	ABAP Release, quarterly	ABAP Release, on-premise	SAP BTP ABAP Environment	SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition
`extension`	Defines a BDEF extension.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extensible`	RAP extensibility enablement for a BDEF extension. Prerequisite for extension layering.	7.91	7.58	2302	2302
`with friends`	Optional addition that can be used to declare one or more BDEF extensions as friends of the current behavior definition. BDEF friends have enhanced access rights to the BDEF in question.	7.95	8.16	2402	2402
`extend behavior for`	Defines a RAP entity behavior extension.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extend own authorization context`.	Extends an own authorization context.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extend determine action`	Extends an existing RAP BO determine action.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extend draft determine action Prepare`	Extends an existing draft determine action Prepare.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extend mapping for`	Extends an existing RAP type mapping.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extension for projection`	Extends a RAP projection behavior definition.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`ancestor association`	Defines a CDS association as ancestor association. The association target must be an extension node.	7.89	7.57	2208	2208
`extension for abstract`	Extends an abstract behavior definition.	7.91	7.58	2302	2302

ABAP Keyword Documentation