Use
Set current filter settings. A row of the table describes the selection conditions for column entries that are not to be displayed.

You should never manually set up the internal table with the filter settings. Use this method only to set filter criteria that you got using
Features
CALL METHOD
<ref. var. to CL_GUI_ALV_GRID > ->set_filter_criteriaEXPORTING
Parameter |
Meaning |
IT_FILTER |
Table with filter settings |
For an overview, see:
Methods of Class CL_GUI_ALV_GRID