State Management 

●      ABAP and OpenSQL

OpenSQL is the SAP database abstraction layer implemented in ABAP that translates abstract SQL statements to native database SQL statements. OpenSQL covers the Data Manipulation Language (DML) part of the SQL standard. It allows to read (SELECT) and modify (INSERT, UPDATE, MODIFY, DELETE) data. OpenSQL extends the SQL standard by offering options to simplify and accelerate database access.

·         Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

JDBC technology provides cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL databases and access to other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files. It is supported by SAP NetWeaver for J2EE development. With a JDBC technology-enabled driver, you can connect all corporate data, even in a heterogeneous environment.

·         Java Data Objects (JDO)

The Java Data Objects (JDO) API is a standard interface-based Java model abstraction of persistence. It is supported by SAP NetWeaver for J2EE development. The JDO technology can store Java domain model instances directly in a database.

·         SQLJ

SQLJ is a technology for enabling Java programs to access a database using embedded Structured Query Language (SQL) statements. It is supported by SAP NetWeaver for J2EE development.