SAP Library - Concepts of the Database System

Start Level 1 Node: Concepts of the Database System

Concepts of the Database System

End Level 1 Node: Concepts of the Database System

Start Level 2 Node: Software Information

Software Information

End Level 2 Node: Software Information

Start Level 3 Node: SAP DB and MaxDB

SAP DB and MaxDB

End Level 3 Node: SAP DB and MaxDB

Start Level 3 Node: Documentation

End Level 3 Node: Documentation

Start Level 3 Node: Demo Database

End Level 3 Node: Demo Database

Start Level 4 Node: Objects in the Schema HOTEL

Objects in the Schema HOTEL

End Level 4 Node: Objects in the Schema HOTEL

Start Level 3 Node: Download

End Level 3 Node: Download

Start Level 3 Node: Version Notation

Version Notation

End Level 3 Node: Version Notation

Start Level 3 Node: Supported Operating Systems and Architectures

Supported Operating Systems and Architectures

End Level 3 Node: Supported Operating Systems and Architectures

Start Level 3 Node: Open Source Development of the Database Software

Open Source Development of the Database Software

End Level 3 Node: Open Source Development of the Database Software

Start Level 3 Node: Support

End Level 3 Node: Support

Start Level 3 Node: Tracking Problem Messages with Web PTS

Tracking Problem Messages with Web PTS

End Level 3 Node: Tracking Problem Messages with Web PTS

Start Level 2 Node: Overview of the Database System

Overview of the Database System

End Level 2 Node: Overview of the Database System

Start Level 3 Node: SQL

End Level 3 Node: SQL

Start Level 3 Node: Transactions

End Level 3 Node: Transactions

Start Level 4 Node: Logging Data Changes

Logging Data Changes

End Level 4 Node: Logging Data Changes

Start Level 5 Node: History Management

History Management

End Level 5 Node: History Management

Start Level 5 Node: Example: Restart

Example: Restart

End Level 5 Node: Example: Restart

Start Level 5 Node: Example: Consistent View

Example: Consistent View

End Level 5 Node: Example: Consistent View

Start Level 4 Node: Locks for Database Objects

Locks for Database Objects

End Level 4 Node: Locks for Database Objects

Start Level 5 Node: Shared Lock

End Level 5 Node: Shared Lock

Start Level 5 Node: Exclusive Lock

End Level 5 Node: Exclusive Lock

Start Level 5 Node: Optimistic Lock

Optimistic Lock

End Level 5 Node: Optimistic Lock

Start Level 5 Node: Phenomena

End Level 5 Node: Phenomena

Start Level 5 Node: Parallel Locks

End Level 5 Node: Parallel Locks

Start Level 5 Node: Isolation Level

Isolation Level

End Level 5 Node: Isolation Level

Start Level 3 Node: Data Storage

End Level 3 Node: Data Storage

Start Level 4 Node: Working Memory Areas

Working Memory Areas

End Level 4 Node: Working Memory Areas

Start Level 4 Node: Volumes (Permanent Storage)

Volumes (Permanent Storage)

End Level 4 Node: Volumes (Permanent Storage)

Start Level 4 Node: Savepoint

End Level 4 Node: Savepoint

Start Level 4 Node: Logical Access Structures

Logical Access Structures

End Level 4 Node: Logical Access Structures

Start Level 5 Node: B* Trees for Tables with LONG Columns

B* Trees for Tables with LONG Columns

End Level 5 Node: B* Trees for Tables with LONG Columns

Start Level 5 Node: B* Trees for Tables with Indexes

B* Trees for Tables with Indexes

End Level 5 Node: B* Trees for Tables with Indexes

Start Level 5 Node: Rebalancing

End Level 5 Node: Rebalancing

Start Level 5 Node: Example: SELECT Statement

Example: SELECT Statement

End Level 5 Node: Example: SELECT Statement

Start Level 5 Node: Example: INSERT Statement

Example: INSERT Statement

End Level 5 Node: Example: INSERT Statement

Start Level 5 Node: Example: DELETE Statement

Example: DELETE Statement

End Level 5 Node: Example: DELETE Statement

Start Level 5 Node: Example: UPDATE Statement

Example: UPDATE Statement

End Level 5 Node: Example: UPDATE Statement

Start Level 4 Node: Converter

End Level 4 Node: Converter

Start Level 2 Node: Database Tools

End Level 2 Node: Database Tools

Start Level 2 Node: Interfaces

End Level 2 Node: Interfaces

Start Level 2 Node: Technical System Landscape

Technical System Landscape

End Level 2 Node: Technical System Landscape

Start Level 3 Node: Network Communication

Network Communication

End Level 3 Node: Network Communication

Start Level 3 Node: Architecture of the Database Tools

Architecture of the Database Tools

End Level 3 Node: Architecture of the Database Tools

Start Level 3 Node: Architecture of the Interfaces

Architecture of the Interfaces

End Level 3 Node: Architecture of the Interfaces

Start Level 3 Node: Data Encryption

Data Encryption

End Level 3 Node: Data Encryption

Start Level 3 Node: Example: System Landscape with MaxDB Database Instance

Example: System Landscape with MaxDB Database Instance

End Level 3 Node: Example: System Landscape with MaxDB Database Instance

Start Level 3 Node: Example: SAP System Landscape with Two MaxDB Database Instances

Example: SAP System Landscape with Two MaxDB Database Instances

End Level 3 Node: Example: SAP System Landscape with Two MaxDB Database Instances

Start Level 3 Node: Process Structure

Process Structure

End Level 3 Node: Process Structure

Start Level 4 Node: Overview of Processes

Overview of Processes

End Level 4 Node: Overview of Processes

Start Level 4 Node: Overview of Services

Overview of Services

End Level 4 Node: Overview of Services

Start Level 4 Node: Overview of Tasks

Overview of Tasks

End Level 4 Node: Overview of Tasks

Start Level 4 Node: Overview of the Task States

Overview of the Task States

End Level 4 Node: Overview of the Task States

Start Level 4 Node: Task Switching

End Level 4 Node: Task Switching

Start Level 4 Node: Load Balancing

End Level 4 Node: Load Balancing

Start Level 4 Node: Overview of Special Threads

Overview of Special Threads

End Level 4 Node: Overview of Special Threads

Start Level 2 Node: Creating and Configuring a Database Instance

Creating and Configuring a Database Instance

End Level 2 Node: Creating and Configuring a Database Instance

Start Level 3 Node: Planning the Database Instance

Planning the Database Instance

End Level 3 Node: Planning the Database Instance

Start Level 3 Node: Technical Restrictions

Technical Restrictions

End Level 3 Node: Technical Restrictions

Start Level 3 Node: Template for Database Instances

Template for Database Instances

End Level 3 Node: Template for Database Instances

Start Level 3 Node: Conventions for Database Names

Conventions for Database Names

End Level 3 Node: Conventions for Database Names

Start Level 3 Node: Database Parameters

Database Parameters

End Level 3 Node: Database Parameters

Start Level 4 Node: General Database Parameters

General Database Parameters

End Level 4 Node: General Database Parameters

Start Level 4 Node: Special Database Parameters

Special Database Parameters

End Level 4 Node: Special Database Parameters

Start Level 4 Node: Support Database Parameters

Support Database Parameters

End Level 4 Node: Support Database Parameters

Start Level 4 Node: liveCache Database Parameters

liveCache Database Parameters

End Level 4 Node: liveCache Database Parameters

Start Level 4 Node: Properties of Database Parameters

Properties of Database Parameters

End Level 4 Node: Properties of Database Parameters

Start Level 3 Node: Automatic Start

Automatic Start

End Level 3 Node: Automatic Start

Start Level 4 Node: Example: Start Script for a Database Instance (Linux)

Example: Start Script for a Database Instance (Linux)

End Level 4 Node: Example: Start Script for a Database Instance (Linux)

Start Level 3 Node: Log Settings

End Level 3 Node: Log Settings

Start Level 3 Node: Configuration Files

Configuration Files

End Level 3 Node: Configuration Files

Start Level 3 Node: Database Design

Database Design

End Level 3 Node: Database Design

Start Level 4 Node: Database Design Tips

Database Design Tips

End Level 4 Node: Database Design Tips

Start Level 2 Node: Administration

End Level 2 Node: Administration

Start Level 3 Node: Regular Administration Tasks

Regular Administration Tasks

End Level 3 Node: Regular Administration Tasks

Start Level 3 Node: Automating Administration Tasks

Automating Administration Tasks

End Level 3 Node: Automating Administration Tasks

Start Level 4 Node: Overview of Database Event Categories

Overview of Database Event Categories

End Level 4 Node: Overview of Database Event Categories

Start Level 3 Node: Users, Authentication and Authorizations

Users, Authentication and Authorizations

End Level 3 Node: Users, Authentication and Authorizations

Start Level 4 Node: Database System Administrator (SYSDBA User)

Database System Administrator (SYSDBA User)

End Level 4 Node: Database System Administrator (SYSDBA User)

Start Level 4 Node: Database Manager Operator (DBM Operator)

Database Manager Operator (DBM Operator)

End Level 4 Node: Database Manager Operator (DBM Operator)

Start Level 4 Node: Database User

End Level 4 Node: Database User

Start Level 4 Node: Server Authorizations for the DBM Server

Server Authorizations for the DBM Server

End Level 4 Node: Server Authorizations for the DBM Server

Start Level 4 Node: Conventions for User Names and Passwords

Conventions for User Names and Passwords

End Level 4 Node: Conventions for User Names and Passwords

Start Level 4 Node: Authentication

End Level 4 Node: Authentication

Start Level 4 Node: Special Operating System Users and Groups (UNIX/Linux)

Special Operating System Users and Groups (UNIX/Linux)

End Level 4 Node: Special Operating System Users and Groups (UNIX/Linux)

Start Level 5 Node: <sdb_user> (Special Operating System User)

<sdb_user> (Special Operating System User)

End Level 5 Node: <sdb_user> (Special Operating System User)

Start Level 5 Node: <sdba_group> (Special Operating System Group)

<sdba_group> (Special Operating System Group)

End Level 5 Node: <sdba_group> (Special Operating System Group)

Start Level 5 Node: Support Group (Special Operating System Group)

Support Group (Special Operating System Group)

End Level 5 Node: Support Group (Special Operating System Group)

Start Level 3 Node: Backing Up and Restoring

Backing Up and Restoring

End Level 3 Node: Backing Up and Restoring

Start Level 4 Node: Backup Templates and Data Carriers

Backup Templates and Data Carriers

End Level 4 Node: Backup Templates and Data Carriers

Start Level 5 Node: Notes on the Different Types of Data Carriers

Notes on the Different Types of Data Carriers

End Level 5 Node: Notes on the Different Types of Data Carriers

Start Level 4 Node: Backing Up Data

Backing Up Data

End Level 4 Node: Backing Up Data

Start Level 4 Node: Backing Up Log Entries

Backing Up Log Entries

End Level 4 Node: Backing Up Log Entries

Start Level 5 Node: Archiving Backup Files

Archiving Backup Files

End Level 5 Node: Archiving Backup Files

Start Level 4 Node: Restoring the Database Instance

Restoring the Database Instance

End Level 4 Node: Restoring the Database Instance

Start Level 4 Node: Example: Backing Up and Restoring

Example: Backing Up and Restoring

End Level 4 Node: Example: Backing Up and Restoring

Start Level 4 Node: Backing Up and Restoring Data with Remote Computers

Backing Up and Restoring Data with Remote Computers

End Level 4 Node: Backing Up and Restoring Data with Remote Computers

Start Level 4 Node: Using Backup Tools from Other Providers

Using Backup Tools from Other Providers

End Level 4 Node: Using Backup Tools from Other Providers

Start Level 4 Node: Freezing the Data Area (Snapshot)

Freezing the Data Area (Snapshot)

End Level 4 Node: Freezing the Data Area (Snapshot)

Start Level 3 Node: Exporting and Importing

Exporting and Importing

End Level 3 Node: Exporting and Importing

Start Level 3 Node: Replication and High Availability

Replication and High Availability

End Level 3 Node: Replication and High Availability

Start Level 4 Node: Database Copy

End Level 4 Node: Database Copy

Start Level 5 Node: Compatible Processor Architectures for Database Copies

Compatible Processor Architectures for Database Copies

End Level 5 Node: Compatible Processor Architectures for Database Copies

Start Level 4 Node: Standby Database

Standby Database

End Level 4 Node: Standby Database

Start Level 5 Node: Setting Up a Standby Instance

Setting Up a Standby Instance

End Level 5 Node: Setting Up a Standby Instance

Start Level 5 Node: Updating the Standby Instance

Updating the Standby Instance

End Level 5 Node: Updating the Standby Instance

Start Level 5 Node: Starting the Standby Instance as an Active Instance

Starting the Standby Instance as an Active Instance

End Level 5 Node: Starting the Standby Instance as an Active Instance

Start Level 4 Node: Hot Standby

End Level 4 Node: Hot Standby

Start Level 5 Node: System Requirements for a Hot Standby System

System Requirements for a Hot Standby System

End Level 5 Node: System Requirements for a Hot Standby System

Start Level 5 Node: Architecture of a Hot Standby System

Architecture of a Hot Standby System

End Level 5 Node: Architecture of a Hot Standby System

Start Level 5 Node: Synchronizing Master and Standby Instances

Synchronizing Master and Standby Instances

End Level 5 Node: Synchronizing Master and Standby Instances

Start Level 5 Node: Behavior of the Hot Standby System when Errors Occur

Behavior of the Hot Standby System when Errors Occur

End Level 5 Node: Behavior of the Hot Standby System when Errors Occur

Start Level 4 Node: Synchronization

Synchronization

End Level 4 Node: Synchronization

Start Level 2 Node: Monitoring

End Level 2 Node: Monitoring

Start Level 2 Node: Performance

End Level 2 Node: Performance

Start Level 3 Node: Analyzing Performance Bottlenecks

Analyzing Performance Bottlenecks

End Level 3 Node: Analyzing Performance Bottlenecks

Start Level 3 Node: Automatic Transformation of SQL Statements

Automatic Transformation of SQL Statements

End Level 3 Node: Automatic Transformation of SQL Statements

Start Level 3 Node: SQL Optimizer

End Level 3 Node: SQL Optimizer

Start Level 4 Node: How the SQL Optimizer Operates

How the SQL Optimizer Operates

End Level 4 Node: How the SQL Optimizer Operates

Start Level 5 Node: Search Conditions

Search Conditions

End Level 5 Node: Search Conditions

Start Level 6 Node: Equality Condition

Equality Condition

End Level 6 Node: Equality Condition

Start Level 6 Node: Range Condition

Range Condition

End Level 6 Node: Range Condition

Start Level 6 Node: IN Condition

End Level 6 Node: IN Condition

Start Level 6 Node: LIKE Condition

End Level 6 Node: LIKE Condition

Start Level 6 Node: Restrictions for UPDATE Statements

Restrictions for UPDATE Statements

End Level 6 Node: Restrictions for UPDATE Statements

Start Level 5 Node: Cost Determination

Cost Determination

End Level 5 Node: Cost Determination

Start Level 5 Node: SQL Optimizer Statistics

SQL Optimizer Statistics

End Level 5 Node: SQL Optimizer Statistics

Start Level 5 Node: Search Strategies

Search Strategies

End Level 5 Node: Search Strategies

Start Level 6 Node: Sequential Search

Sequential Search

End Level 6 Node: Sequential Search

Start Level 6 Node: Search Conditions for Key Columns

Search Conditions for Key Columns

End Level 6 Node: Search Conditions for Key Columns

Start Level 6 Node: Search Conditions for Indexed Columns

Search Conditions for Indexed Columns

End Level 6 Node: Search Conditions for Indexed Columns

Start Level 6 Node: Search Conditions Linked with OR

Search Conditions Linked with OR

End Level 6 Node: Search Conditions Linked with OR

Start Level 6 Node: Postponement of the Search to the FETCH Time

Postponement of the Search to the FETCH Time

End Level 6 Node: Postponement of the Search to the FETCH Time

Start Level 6 Node: Joins

End Level 6 Node: Joins

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN_SEARCH_LEVEL Database Parameter

JOIN_SEARCH_LEVEL Database Parameter

End Level 7 Node: JOIN_SEARCH_LEVEL Database Parameter

Start Level 6 Node: List of All Search Strategies

List of All Search Strategies

End Level 6 Node: List of All Search Strategies

Start Level 7 Node: CATALOG KEY ACCESS

CATALOG KEY ACCESS

End Level 7 Node: CATALOG KEY ACCESS

Start Level 7 Node: CATALOG SCAN

End Level 7 Node: CATALOG SCAN

Start Level 7 Node: CATALOG SCAN USING USER EQUAL CONDITION

CATALOG SCAN USING USER EQUAL CONDITION

End Level 7 Node: CATALOG SCAN USING USER EQUAL CONDITION

Start Level 7 Node: DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR OR TERMS

DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR OR TERMS

End Level 7 Node: DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR OR TERMS

Start Level 7 Node: EQUAL CONDITION FOR INDEX

EQUAL CONDITION FOR INDEX

End Level 7 Node: EQUAL CONDITION FOR INDEX

Start Level 7 Node: EQUAL CONDITION FOR KEY

EQUAL CONDITION FOR KEY

End Level 7 Node: EQUAL CONDITION FOR KEY

Start Level 7 Node: IN CONDITION FOR INDEX

IN CONDITION FOR INDEX

End Level 7 Node: IN CONDITION FOR INDEX

Start Level 7 Node: IN CONDITION FOR KEY

IN CONDITION FOR KEY

End Level 7 Node: IN CONDITION FOR KEY

Start Level 7 Node: INDEX SCAN

End Level 7 Node: INDEX SCAN

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA INDEXED COLUMN

JOIN VIA INDEXED COLUMN

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA INDEXED COLUMN

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN

JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA KEY COLUMN

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA KEY RANGE

JOIN VIA KEY RANGE

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA KEY RANGE

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA MULTIPLE INDEXED COLUMNS

JOIN VIA MULTIPLE INDEXED COLUMNS

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA MULTIPLE INDEXED COLUMNS

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA MULTIPLE°KEY°COLUMNS

JOIN VIA MULTIPLE°KEY°COLUMNS

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA MULTIPLE°KEY°COLUMNS

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA RANGE OF MULTIPLE INDEXED COL.

JOIN VIA RANGE OF MULTIPLE INDEXED COL.

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA RANGE OF MULTIPLE INDEXED COL.

Start Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA RANGE OF MULTIPLE KEY COLUMNS

JOIN VIA RANGE OF MULTIPLE KEY COLUMNS

End Level 7 Node: JOIN VIA RANGE OF MULTIPLE KEY COLUMNS

Start Level 7 Node: NO RESULT SET POSSIBLE

NO RESULT SET POSSIBLE

End Level 7 Node: NO RESULT SET POSSIBLE

Start Level 7 Node: NO STRATEGY NOW (ONLY AT EXECUTION TIME)

NO STRATEGY NOW (ONLY AT EXECUTION TIME)

End Level 7 Node: NO STRATEGY NOW (ONLY AT EXECUTION TIME)

Start Level 7 Node: RANGE CONDITION FOR INDEX

RANGE CONDITION FOR INDEX

End Level 7 Node: RANGE CONDITION FOR INDEX

Start Level 7 Node: RANGE CONDITION FOR KEY

RANGE CONDITION FOR KEY

End Level 7 Node: RANGE CONDITION FOR KEY

Start Level 7 Node: SUBQ CONDITION FOR INDEX

SUBQ CONDITION FOR INDEX

End Level 7 Node: SUBQ CONDITION FOR INDEX

Start Level 7 Node: SUBQ CONDITION FOR KEY

SUBQ CONDITION FOR KEY

End Level 7 Node: SUBQ CONDITION FOR KEY

Start Level 7 Node: TABLE SCAN

End Level 7 Node: TABLE SCAN

Start Level 4 Node: Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting

End Level 4 Node: Troubleshooting

Start Level 5 Node: EXPLAIN Statement

EXPLAIN Statement

End Level 5 Node: EXPLAIN Statement

Start Level 6 Node: EXPLAIN Statement for Joins

EXPLAIN Statement for Joins

End Level 6 Node: EXPLAIN Statement for Joins

Start Level 6 Node: EXPLAIN Statement for Complicated SELECT Statements

EXPLAIN Statement for Complicated SELECT Statements

End Level 6 Node: EXPLAIN Statement for Complicated SELECT Statements

Start Level 6 Node: EXPLAIN Statement for SELECT Statements with Subqueries

EXPLAIN Statement for SELECT Statements with Subqueries

End Level 6 Node: EXPLAIN Statement for SELECT Statements with Subqueries

Start Level 6 Node: STRATEGY Column

STRATEGY Column

End Level 6 Node: STRATEGY Column

Start Level 2 Node: Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting

End Level 2 Node: Troubleshooting

Start Level 3 Node: Typical Error Situations

Typical Error Situations

End Level 3 Node: Typical Error Situations

Start Level 3 Node: Log Files

End Level 3 Node: Log Files

Start Level 3 Node: Traces

End Level 3 Node: Traces

Start Level 3 Node: Checking Database Structures

Checking Database Structures

End Level 3 Node: Checking Database Structures

Start Level 4 Node: Fixing Errors in the Data Structure

Fixing Errors in the Data Structure

End Level 4 Node: Fixing Errors in the Data Structure

Start Level 4 Node: Example: Error in the Data Structure

Example: Error in the Data Structure

End Level 4 Node: Example: Error in the Data Structure

Start Level 2 Node: Developing Database Applications

Developing Database Applications

End Level 2 Node: Developing Database Applications