Defining Exceptions Locate the document in its SAP Library structure

Exceptions are represented by objects that are instances of exception classes. Defining an exception is, therefore, the same as creating an exception class.

All exception classes must inherit from the common superclass CX_ROOT and one of its subordinate classes:

. The assignment of exception classes to one of these three paths of the inheritance hierarchy determines the way in which the associated exceptions are propagated. There is a record of predefined exception classes CX_SY_... whose exceptions are raised in error situations in the runtime environment. These classes all inherit from CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK or CX_NO_CHECK but not from CX_STATIC_CHECK (see hierarchy in the ABAP keyword documentation).

All exception classes must begin with the prefix CX_. They are usually defined globally with the Class Builder of the ABAP Workbench. Local exception classes can, however, also be defined.

Individual (abstract) exception classes that are used as the superclass of further exception classes can be defined. The exceptions of the subordinate classes can be handled together using a superclass.

Exception classes have the following features:

TEXTID of the SOTR_CONC type

This parameter can be used to determine which of your exception texts the exception will use.

PREVIOUS of the CX_ROOT type

This parameter can be used to assign the PREVIOUS attribute a previous exception.

GET_TEXT

Sends back the exception texts of a class (controlled by the TEXTID attribute) as a string.

GET_SOURCE_POSITION

Returns the program name, the name of a possible include program, and the line number of the statement that raised the exception.

TEXTID

Used to specify the exception of a class more precisely by using several exception texts. Is evaluated in the GET_TEXT method.

PREVIOUS

If an exception is mapped to another exception, a reference to the original exception can be defined in this attribute via the EXPORTING addition of the RAISE EXCEPTION statement and by means of the constructor IMPORTING PARAMETER with the same name. This can result in a chain of exception objects. In the event of a runtime error, the exception texts of all the exceptions in the chain are output. Mapping an exception to another exception is only beneficial if the context in which the original exception occurred is important for characterizing the error situation.

KERNEL_ERRID

The name of the associated runtime error is stored in this attribute if the exception was raised by the runtime environment, for example, COMPUTE_INT_ZERODIVIDE with a division by zero. If the exception is not handled, precisely this runtime error occurs.

Parameters cannot be transferred to the constructor for this attribute. If the exception is raised with RAISE EXCEPTION, the attribute is set to initial.

Global Exception Classes

Global exception classes are defined and managed in the Class Builder. If the correct naming convention (prefix CX_) and the class type Exception Class is chosen when a new class is created, the Class Builder automatically becomes the Exception Builder.

The Exception Builder offers precisely the functionality required to define exception classes and generates independently-defined components that must not be changed. When classes are created, the category of the exception must be specified, in other words, whether it is to inherit from CX_STATIC_CHECK, CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK, or CX_NOCHECK.

Tab Pages of the Exception Builder

The Exception Builder has the tab pages Properties, Attributes, Methods, and Texts.

Local Exception Classes

Local exception classes can be defined for specific exceptions that only occur within one single ABAP program. The condition for a local exception class is that it inherits from one of the three classes CX_STATIC_CHECK, CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK, or CX_NO_CHECK, or from their subordinate classes. An individual constructor and individual attributes can be created. Individual methods should not be created, however, and the methods of superclasses should not be redefined.

Examples of Local Exception Classes

Example

report DEMO_LOCAL_EXCEPTION_1.

class CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION definition
                        inheriting from CX_STATIC_CHECK.
endclass.

start-of-selection.
    try.
      raise exception type CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION.
    catch CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION.
      message 'Local Exception!' type 'I'.
  endtry.

This example shows a minimal local exception class, which is simply the local representation of one of the three direct subordinate classes of CX_ROOT. It can be used in the program.

Example

report DEMO_LOCAL_EXCEPTION_2.

class CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION definition
                        inheriting from CX_STATIC_CHECK.

  public section.
    data LOCAL_TEXT type STRING.
    methods CONSTRUCTOR importing TEXT type STRING.
endclass.

class CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION implementation.
  method CONSTRUCTOR.
    SUPER->CONSTRUCTOR( ).
    LOCAL_TEXT = TEXT.
  endmethod.
endclass.

data OREF type ref to CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION.

start-of-selection.
    try.
      raise exception type CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION
                      exporting TEXT = `Local Exception`.

    catch CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION into OREF.
      message OREF->LOCAL_TEXT type 'I'.
  endtry.

In this example, the exception class from the previous example is extended to include an individual attribute and constructor. The IMPORTING parameter of the constructor must be supplied when the exception is raised (it is required here). The attribute can be evaluated in the handler of the exception.

Example

report DEMO_LOCAL_EXCEPTION_3.

class CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION definition
      inheriting from CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR.

  public section.
    methods CONSTRUCTOR importing SITUATION type STRING.
endclass.

class CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION implementation.
  method CONSTRUCTOR.
    SUPER->CONSTRUCTOR( OPERATION = SITUATION ).
  endmethod.
endclass.

data OREF type ref to CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION.
data TEXT type STRING.

start-of-selection.
    try.
      raise exception type CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION
            exporting SITUATION = `START-OF-SELECTION`.

    catch CX_LOCAL_EXCEPTION into OREF.
      TEXT = OREF->GET_TEXT( ).
      message TEXT type 'I'.
  endtry.

In this example, an exception class is derived from one of the predefined exception classes for error situations in the runtime environment. An individual constructor is defined with an individual IMPORTING parameter that supplies the superclass constructor with this parameter. When the exception is handled, the exception text, as defined in the superclass, is read with GET_TEXT.

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