Fiscal Year and Calendar Year (SAP Library

Fiscal Year and Calendar Year

You have the following options for defining your fiscal year variants in relation to the calendar year:

Fiscal year same as calendar year
Fiscal year differs from calendar year (non-calendar fiscal year). The posting periods can also be different to the calendar months.

Your fiscal year is year-dependent. This means that the fiscal year only applies to a specific calendar year.

Fiscal Year Same as Calendar Year

If your fiscal year is the same as the calendar year, the following specifications apply:

The fiscal year begins on January 1.
Twelve posting periods are available.
The periods correspond to calendar months. You do not have to define the individual periods. The system automatically uses the calendar months.

Non-Calendar Fiscal Year

If your fiscal year differs from the calendar year, you must specify:

How many posting periods you require
How the system should determine the posting period and fiscal year from the posting date during posting:

Posting Periods

To enable the system to determine the posting period, specify month and day limits for the end of each period.

Enter 29 as the day limit for February. This ensures that the system can also determine the posting period correctly in a leap year. If you enter 28 as the day limit for February, transaction figures posted on 29 February will be updated in the next period. If the next period is not open, the system issues an error message.

Fiscal Year

Since your fiscal year is not the same as the calendar year, you have to specify the year displacement for each posting period. You can use the entries -1, 0, and +1 for this.

In the illustration that follows, your fiscal year begins on April 1 and ends on March 31. The period limits correspond to the beginning and end of the calendar months.

Since the fiscal year does not correspond to the calendar year, you specify how the fiscal year is to be determined by entering the year displacement. If you post with a posting date of 02/03/99, the system uses your definition of the fiscal year variant to determine that posting period 11 is in fiscal year 1998.

Posting Periods Do Not Correspond To Calendar Months

If you are using a non-calendar fiscal year, and your posting periods do not correspond to the calendar months, define the difference by specifying the day of the period end.

Your fiscal year begins on April 16 and ends on April 15. The start and end of your posting periods do not correspond to the start and end of a calendar month.

You must split the period 12/16 to 01/15 in two posting periods, since you require different specifications for the year displacement. This means that for posting period 9, you have to define two posting periods (with year displacements 0 and -1).

In the example given, the system would determine the following posting periods and fiscal years from the posting dates given:

Posting Date	Year Displacement	Period	Fiscal Year
20.12.1998	0	9	1998
13.01.1999	-1	9	1998

Year-Dependent Fiscal Year Variants

You can define a year-dependent fiscal year variant. This is a fiscal year variant that only applies to a specific calendar year.

To do this, select the field Year-dependent when you define your fiscal year variants. You then have to enter the period ends, defined by month and day limits, for each calendar year.

In this case, the year displacement specifications refer to the calendar year for which you have defined posting periods. The year is displayed when you maintain the period ends.